Difference between revisions of "Very Large Hard Drive"

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With these large drives, it is necessary to use a partitioning scheme called GUID Partition Table (GPT). When using a GPT, a legacy MBR containing a partition table is also created on the drive. This MBR generally contains a single partition of type ''EFI GPT'' (code 0xee) encompassing the entire drive, well as much of the drive as can be represented in an MBR partition - 2^32 sectors. This is known as a ''protective MBR'' since its main purposes is to prevent non-GPT-aware systems and tools from viewing the drive as empty or available. In the case of the Humax, it is necessary to create three partitions on the drive so that the Humax software sees these and considers the drive to be properly formatted.
 
With these large drives, it is necessary to use a partitioning scheme called GUID Partition Table (GPT). When using a GPT, a legacy MBR containing a partition table is also created on the drive. This MBR generally contains a single partition of type ''EFI GPT'' (code 0xee) encompassing the entire drive, well as much of the drive as can be represented in an MBR partition - 2^32 sectors. This is known as a ''protective MBR'' since its main purposes is to prevent non-GPT-aware systems and tools from viewing the drive as empty or available. In the case of the Humax, it is necessary to create three partitions on the drive so that the Humax software sees these and considers the drive to be properly formatted.
  
−
===Creating the GPT===
+
===Creating the GPT and formatting the disk===
  
−
Once the large disk is installed the ''gdisk'' command can be used to create the GPT. This command will also create a new protective MBR.
+
Menu version 1.20
 +
Enter system PIN: ****
  
−
humax# '''gdisk /dev/sda'''
+
      /---------------------------------------------\
−
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.1
+
      | M A I N T E N A N C E   M O D E   M E N U |
−
   
+
      \---------------------------------------------/
−
Partition table scan:
 
−
   MBR: hybrid
 
−
  BSD: not present
 
−
  APM: not present
 
−
   GPT: not present
 
−
   
 
−
***************************************************************
 
−
Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format
 
−
in memory. THIS OPERATION IS POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by
 
−
typing 'q' if you don't want to convert your MBR partitions
 
−
to GPT format!
 
−
***************************************************************
 
  
−
Delete all partitions:
+
  [ Humax HDR-Fox T2 (gpttest) 1.03.12/3.10 ]
  
−
Command (? for help): '''o'''
+
  Note: Some areas of the hard disk are not mounted.
−
This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.
+
        Not all functions will be available.
−
Proceed? (Y/N): '''y'''
+
        (normal if you have just run a disk check)
  
−
Create the three required partitions:
+
    1 - Check and repair hard disk (fix-disk).
 +
    2 - Run short hard-disk self test.
 +
    3 - Run long hard-disk self test.
 +
    4 - Check self-test progress.
 +
  gptf - Re-format disk using GPT scheme.
 +
  epg - Clear persistent EPG data.
 +
  dlna - Reset DLNA server database.
 +
    x - Leave maintenance mode (Humax will restart).
 +
  diag - Run a diagnostic.
 +
  cli - System command line (advanced users).
  
−
  Command (? for help): '''n'''
+
  Please select option: gptf
−
Partition number (1-128, default 1): '''1'''
 
−
First sector (34-7814037134, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
 
−
Last sector (2048-7814037134, default = 7814037134) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: '''+1G'''
 
−
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
 
−
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300):
 
−
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
 
−
 
−
Command (? for help): '''n'''
 
−
Partition number (2-128, default 2): '''2'''
 
−
First sector (34-7814037134, default = 2099200) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
 
−
Last sector (2099200-7814037134, default = 7814037134) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: '''-10G'''
 
−
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
 
−
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300):
 
−
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
 
−
 
−
Command (? for help): '''n'''
 
−
Partition number (3-128, default 3): '''3'''
 
−
First sector (34-7814037134, default = 7793065984) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
 
−
Last sector (7793065984-7814037134, default = 7814037134) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
 
−
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
 
−
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300):
 
−
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
 
  
−
Which results in the following table (for a 4TB drive):
+
This process will format the internal hard disk using the GUID partitioning
 +
scheme (GPT) which supports hard disks over 2TB in size.
  
−
  Command (? for help): p
+
  ****************************************************************
−
  Disk /dev/sda: 7814037168 sectors, 3.6 TiB
+
  *** All data on the hard drive will be erased if you proceed ***
−
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
+
  ****************************************************************
−
Disk identifier (GUID): C4FC1347-AF56-4BCA-B918-623B08454E30
 
−
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
 
−
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 7814037134
 
−
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
 
−
Total free space is 2383 sectors (1.2 MiB)
 
−
 
−
Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size      Code  Name
 
−
    1            2048        2099199  1024.0 MiB  8300  Linux filesystem
 
−
    2        2099200      7793065614  3.6 TiB    8300  Linux filesystem
 
−
    3      7793065984      7814037134  10.0 GiB    8300 Linux filesystem
 
  
−
Now write out the partition table:
+
Are you sure you wish to format and erase the disk? [Y/N] y
 +
Are you sure you wish to do this? [Y/N] y
 +
Are you sure you wish to COMPLETELY ERASE this hard disk? [Y/N] y
  
−
  Command (? for help): w
+
  **********************************************************************
−
   
+
  * Unmounting partitions...
−
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
+
  **********************************************************************
−
PARTITIONS!!
 
−
 
−
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
 
−
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sda.
 
−
  The operation has completed successfully.
 
  
−
===Creating the MBR Partition Table===
+
**********************************************************************
 +
* Clearing all existing partition tables...
 +
**********************************************************************
  
−
First remove the protective partition that will have been created by the ''gdisk'' utility in the previous step:
+
Creating new GPT entries.
 +
GPT data structures destroyed! You may now partition the disk using fdisk or
 +
other utilities.
  
−
  humax# '''fdisk /dev/sda'''
+
  **********************************************************************
−
  fdisk: device has more than 2^32 sectors, can't use all of them
+
  * Creating GUID partition table (GPT)...
−
+
  **********************************************************************
−
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 266305.
 
−
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
 
−
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
 
−
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
 
−
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
 
−
    (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
 
−
 
−
Command (m for help): '''p'''
 
−
 
−
Disk /dev/sda: 2199.0 GB, 2199023255040 bytes
 
−
  256 heads, 63 sectors/track, 266305 cylinders
 
−
Units = cylinders of 16128 * 512 = 8257536 bytes
 
−
 
−
    Device Boot      Start        End      Blocks  Id System
 
−
/dev/sda1              1      266306  2147483647+ ee EFI GPT
 
−
 
−
Command (m for help): '''d'''
 
−
Selected partition 1
 
  
−
Then create the three dummy partitions for the Humax software to see:
+
  Creating new GPT entries.
−
 
+
  The operation has completed successfully.
−
  Command (m for help): '''n'''
 
−
Command action
 
−
    e  extended
 
−
    p  primary partition (1-4)
 
−
'''p'''
 
−
Partition number (1-4): '''1'''
 
−
First cylinder (1-266305, default 1): Using default value 1
 
−
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-266305, default 266305): '''+1G''' 
 
−
 
−
Command (m for help): '''n'''
 
−
Command action
 
−
    e  extended
 
−
    p  primary partition (1-4)
 
−
'''p'''
 
−
Partition number (1-4): '''2'''
 
−
First cylinder (123-266305, default 123): Using default value 123
 
−
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (123-266305, default 266305): '''+1G'''
 
−
 
−
Command (m for help): '''n'''
 
−
Command action
 
−
    e  extended
 
−
    p  primary partition (1-4)
 
−
'''p'''
 
−
Partition number (1-4): '''3'''
 
−
First cylinder (245-266305, default 245): Using default value 245
 
−
  Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (245-266305, default 266305): '''+1G'''
 
−
 
 
−
Resulting in the following partition table:
 
−
 
 
−
Command (m for help): '''p'''
 
−
Disk /dev/sda: 2199.0 GB, 2199023255040 bytes
 
−
256 heads, 63 sectors/track, 266305 cylinders
 
−
Units = cylinders of 16128 * 512 = 8257536 bytes
 
−
 
−
    Device Boot      Start        End      Blocks  Id System
 
−
/dev/sda1              1        122      983776+ 83 Linux
 
−
/dev/sda2            123        244      983808  83 Linux
 
−
/dev/sda3            245        366      983808  83 Linux
 
−
 
 
−
Change the type of the first partiton to EFI GPT:
 
  
−
  Command (m for help): '''t'''
+
  **********************************************************************
−
  Partition number (1-4): '''1'''
+
  * Creating MBR partition table...
−
Hex code (type L to list codes): '''ee'''
+
  **********************************************************************
−
  Changed system type of partition 1 to ee (EFI GPT)
 
  
−
Move the first sector of the first partition to 1:
+
>>> /dev/sda2: /dev/sda3: /dev/sda4:
  
−
  Command (m for help): '''u'''
+
  **********************************************************************
−
  Changing display/entry units to sectors
+
  * Final MBR table...
−
   
+
  **********************************************************************
−
Command (m for help): '''x'''
 
−
 
−
Expert command (m for help): '''b'''
 
−
Partition number (1-4): '''1'''
 
−
New beginning of data (0-1967615, default 63): '''1'''
 
−
Recalculate C/H/S values? (Y/N): '''n'''
 
−
 
−
Expert command (m for help): '''r'''
 
  
−
The final MBR partition table looks like:
+
Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
 +
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
 +
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
 +
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
 +
Disklabel type: dos
 +
Disk identifier: 0x0c82049c
  
−
  Command (m for help): '''p'''
+
  Device     Boot   Start     End Sectors Size Id Type
−
 
+
  /dev/sda1             1 2097151 2097151 1024M ee GPT
−
Disk /dev/sda: 2199.0 GB, 2199023255040 bytes
+
  /dev/sda2       2097152 4194303 2097152    1G 83 Linux
−
256 heads, 63 sectors/track, 266305 cylinders, total 4294967295 sectors
+
  /dev/sda3       4194304 6291455 2097152    1G 83 Linux
−
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
 
−
 
 
−
     Device Boot     Start         End     Blocks Id System
 
−
  /dev/sda1               1     1967615      983807+ ee EFI GPT
 
−
  /dev/sda2         1967616    3935231      983808  83 Linux
 
−
  /dev/sda3         3935232    5902847      983808  83 Linux
 
  
−
Write it to disk:
+
**********************************************************************
 +
* Final GPT table...
 +
**********************************************************************
  
−
  Command (m for help): '''w'''
+
  Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
−
  The partition table has been altered.
+
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
−
  Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table
+
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
 +
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
 +
  Disklabel type: gpt
 +
  Disk identifier: 372B3BA4-7C50-4D29-8551-4A94E7826C05
  
−
Now restart the Humax using the remote control.
+
Device        Start      End  Sectors  Size Type
 +
/dev/sda1      2048  2099199  2097152    1G Linux filesystem
 +
/dev/sda2    2099200 955801614 953702415 454.8G Linux filesystem
 +
/dev/sda3  955803648 976773134  20969487    10G Linux filesystem
  
−
===Formatting the file-systems===
+
**********************************************************************
 +
* Formatting partition 1...
 +
**********************************************************************
  
−
Once the Humax comes back, the filesystems must be formatted from the command line:
+
mke2fs 1.42.10 (18-May-2014)
 +
Creating filesystem with 262144 4k blocks and 65536 inodes
 +
Filesystem UUID: a442c849-f26e-4dd0-b1fe-cef4cf8416b5
 +
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
 +
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
  
−
  humax# '''mkfs.ext3 -m 0 -O sparse_super /dev/sda1'''
+
  Allocating group tables: done
−
  humax# '''mkfs.ext3 -m 0 -O sparse_super -T largefile /dev/sda2'''
+
  Writing inode tables: done
−
  humax# '''mkfs.ext3 -m 0 -O sparse_super /dev/sda3'''
+
  Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
 +
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
  
−
Now reboot the Humax once more and everything should be set up.
+
.... continues to format partitions 2 & 3 ...

Revision as of 22:31, 12 February 2016


Warning

Work in progress

This page is a work-in-progress describing the process necessary to install a very large hard drive into a Humax HDR Fox T2.


With the release of Custom Firmware 3.10 it is now possible to fit a Humax HDR Fox T2 with a hard drive having more than 2^32 sectors. In practice this means that drives over 2TB in size can now be used.

Drives known to work

The following very large drives have been tested and are known to work:

Vendor Model Description Size Physical Sector Size Logical Sector Size
Seagate ST4000VM000 Video 3.5 HDD SATA 4TB 4096 512

Pre-requisites

Using a very large drive requires Custom Firmware 3.10 or above. The stock Humax firmware cannot read these drives at all (it will see them but consider them to have a zero size).

Partitions tables

With these large drives, it is necessary to use a partitioning scheme called GUID Partition Table (GPT). When using a GPT, a legacy MBR containing a partition table is also created on the drive. This MBR generally contains a single partition of type EFI GPT (code 0xee) encompassing the entire drive, well as much of the drive as can be represented in an MBR partition - 2^32 sectors. This is known as a protective MBR since its main purposes is to prevent non-GPT-aware systems and tools from viewing the drive as empty or available. In the case of the Humax, it is necessary to create three partitions on the drive so that the Humax software sees these and considers the drive to be properly formatted.

Creating the GPT and formatting the disk

Menu version 1.20
Enter system PIN: ****

      /---------------------------------------------\
      |  M A I N T E N A N C E   M O D E   M E N U  |
      \---------------------------------------------/

  [ Humax HDR-Fox T2 (gpttest) 1.03.12/3.10 ]

  Note: Some areas of the hard disk are not mounted.
        Not all functions will be available.
        (normal if you have just run a disk check)

    1 - Check and repair hard disk (fix-disk).
    2 - Run short hard-disk self test.
    3 - Run long hard-disk self test.
    4 - Check self-test progress.
 gptf - Re-format disk using GPT scheme.
  epg - Clear persistent EPG data.
 dlna - Reset DLNA server database.
    x - Leave maintenance mode (Humax will restart).
 diag - Run a diagnostic.
  cli - System command line (advanced users).

Please select option: gptf

This process will format the internal hard disk using the GUID partitioning
scheme (GPT) which supports hard disks over 2TB in size.

****************************************************************
*** All data on the hard drive will be erased if you proceed ***
****************************************************************

Are you sure you wish to format and erase the disk? [Y/N] y
Are you sure you wish to do this? [Y/N] y
Are you sure you wish to COMPLETELY ERASE this hard disk? [Y/N] y

**********************************************************************
* Unmounting partitions...
**********************************************************************

**********************************************************************
* Clearing all existing partition tables...
**********************************************************************

Creating new GPT entries.
GPT data structures destroyed! You may now partition the disk using fdisk or
other utilities.

**********************************************************************
* Creating GUID partition table (GPT)...
**********************************************************************

Creating new GPT entries.
The operation has completed successfully.

**********************************************************************
* Creating MBR partition table...
**********************************************************************

>>> /dev/sda2: /dev/sda3: /dev/sda4:

**********************************************************************
* Final MBR table...
**********************************************************************

Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0c82049c

Device     Boot   Start     End Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1             1 2097151 2097151 1024M ee GPT
/dev/sda2       2097152 4194303 2097152    1G 83 Linux
/dev/sda3       4194304 6291455 2097152    1G 83 Linux

**********************************************************************
* Final GPT table...
**********************************************************************

Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 372B3BA4-7C50-4D29-8551-4A94E7826C05

Device         Start       End   Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sda1       2048   2099199   2097152     1G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda2    2099200 955801614 953702415 454.8G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3  955803648 976773134  20969487    10G Linux filesystem

**********************************************************************
* Formatting partition 1...
**********************************************************************

mke2fs 1.42.10 (18-May-2014)
Creating filesystem with 262144 4k blocks and 65536 inodes
Filesystem UUID: a442c849-f26e-4dd0-b1fe-cef4cf8416b5
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

.... continues to format partitions 2 & 3 ...
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